The purpose of this topic is to survey for what the experts believe is the most important science humanity should be focusing most of its effort on. To make it more actionably meaningful, we propose that contributors imagine this topic controlled the allocation of 100 million in research grants. How would the experts allocate that much money to all possible scientific endeavors and why?

Ultimately, this becomes a critically important moral issue, for if we spend wisely, it could save or significantly improve the lives of all of us. Whereas getting it wrong could be eternally or existentially threatening to any or all of us.